Further east still is Theodosia/Kaffa/Feodosia, once a great slave-mart and a kind of capital for the Genoese and Turks. For Russia, the Black Sea is of particular importance for economic and geostrategic reasons. Ores such as iron, titanium, and non-metallic raw materials are some of the country's major exports, and so are iron ore ($3.36 billion), corn ($4.77 billion), semi-finished iron ($2.55 billion), and seed oils ($3.75 billion), which are exported largely to China ($3.94 billion), Germany ($3.08 billion), and Italy ($2.57 billion), Poland ($2.75 billion), and to Russia ($4.69 billion). Russia's contention with the West. This bridge was damaged during an attack on October 8, 2022. [citation needed] The Mir payment system operated by the Central Bank of Russia operates in Crimea as well as Master Card and Visa. Meanwhile, owing to distance, US wheat amounts to less than 10 per cent of what caters to those regions. ", "Russia-Ukraine Update: Crimea Attracts More Than 4 Million Tourists Despite Annexation", "What is the Crimea, and why does it matter? [39], There are more than fifty salt lakes and salt pans on the peninsula. The agreement lets coastal nations claim what are known as exclusive economic zones that can extend up to 200 nautical miles (or 230 statute miles) from their shores. [48] In winter these winds bring in cold, dry continental air, while in summer they bring in dry and hot weather. However, ironically enough, Ukraine depends on gas imports and it is primarily because the USSR began extracting gas on a large scale in Siberia in the 1970s. UEFA ruled that Crimean clubs could not join the Russian leagues but should instead be part of a Crimean league system. This includes oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone, sand, air, sunlight, soil, and water. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. ", "Crimea opens the largest and most beautiful airport in Russia's south", "New terminal of Simferopol airport opened at Crimea", "Australia imposes sanctions on Russians after annexation of Crimea from Ukraine", "Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence", "EU sanctions add to Putin's Crimea headache", "Special Economic Measures (Ukraine) Regulations", "Australia and sanctions Consolidated List Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2014/145/CFSPconcerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine", "Crimea hit by multiple sanctions as power, transport and banking communications are cut off", "Visa and MasterCard quit Crimea over US sanctions", "Sanctions trump patriotism for Russian banks in Crimea", "Kyiv vows to restore Ukrainian rule over Crimea to re-establish 'world law and order', "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Census of the population is transferred to 2016", "Results / General results of the census / Linguistic composition of the population / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 Taurida Governorate", " Weekly . At the beginning of the 20th century, a major development of palaces, villas, and dachas beganmost of which remain. Also Read:Russia-Ukraine war: Here's how the crisis unfolded -- a timeline. Reports of explosions in Bakhchysarai, occupied Crimea. It is studded with summer sea-bathing resorts such as Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, and Feodosia. In the medieval period, it was partially conquered by Kievan Rus' whose prince was baptized at Sevastopol starting the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. Crimea. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. The USSR transferred Crimea to Ukraine on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1954. A number of dams have created reservoirs; among the largest are the Simferopolskoye, Alminskoye,[43] the Taygansky and the Belogorsky just south of Bilohirsk in Bilohirsk Raion. Yet, these enormous reserves of energy remain largely untapped. Fishing, mining, and the production of essential oils are also important. [49] A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterized by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers. After the Soviets regained control in 1944, they deported the Crimean Tartars and several other nationalities to elsewhere in the USSR. Interestingly, China was the largest importer of Ukrainian titanium iron ores in 2021, with Russia on the second spot (15.3 per cent), and Turkey ranked third (14.5 per cent). This is around four per cent of Ukraine's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. "We are scared for our families, for our children.". [59], The most important industries in Crimea include food production, chemical fields, mechanical engineering, and metalworking, and fuel production industries. [54], In 2016 Crimea had Nominal GDP of US$7 billion and US$3,000 per capita.[55]. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991 most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Republic of Crimea,[27][28] although in 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea established firmly under Ukrainian authority. Natural resources are materials available on the planet that can be used to keep people alive and meet their needs. Crimea is almost an island and only connected to the continent by the Isthmus of Perekop, a strip of land about 57 kilometres (3.14.3mi) wide. At the aggravation of political situation between Russia and Ukraine, the . Russia in the Black Sea. The development of Crimea as a holiday destination began in the second half of the 19th century. [49], The climate of Crimea is influenced by its geographic location, relief, and influences from the Black sea. There are signs the Black Sea contains a lot of wealth. But propaganda aside, perhaps the answer is more simple: oil and gas. . Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. Ukraine Natural Hazards: Natural reserves of Crimea are six objects on the territory of which plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems are carefully preserved. Also important are the Kokozka (Kkkz or ), the Indole (Indol or ), the Chorna (orun, Chernaya or ), the Derekoika (Dereky or ),[37] the Karasu-Bashi (Biyuk-Karasu or -) (a tributary of the Salhyr river), the Burulcha () (also a tributary of the Salhyr), the Uchan-su, and the Ulu-Uzen'. Russian invasion of Ukraine means the former will rein in the exports, which will create food security issues as Ukraine is one of the largest distributors of wheat and corn. For industrial purposes inside the peninsula and beyond, the needs of the population were almost completely covered by their own reserves. [73] The road bridge opened in May 2018, and the rail bridge opened in December 2019. In 2010, Russia negotiated an agreement that allows the country to share the all-important Sevastopol naval base through 2042, in exchange for deep discounts of about $40 billion on natural gas from Russia. [Censuses in Crimean Federal District], " " [Tables with the results of the Federal Statistical observation "Census in the Crimean Federal District"], Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Transport Workers' Federation, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions, 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire", "The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine", "Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead", "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea", The Crimea Crisis An International Law Perspective, "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "Three canyons trekking (Chernorechensky Canyon, Uzunja Canyon and Grand Crimean Canyon). The GenoeseMongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea.[22]. [In Photos: Amazing Ruins of the Ancient World]. Over 50 per cent of Ukraine's annual corn and wheat shipments head to Africa or the Middle East. The Tatars didn't fare well in the Crimean War or in later conflicts, and many fled the region. Golitsyn Path. Ukraine has become a seedbed of conflict between Russia and the West. [48] For every 100m (330ft) increase in altitude, temperatures decrease by 0.65C (1.17F) while precipitation increases. [1] The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. [79] After the breaking up of the Young Pioneers in 1991 its prestige declined, though it remained a popular vacation destination. History of construction, "Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv", "Crimea Drills For Water As Crisis Deepens In Parched Peninsula", "Geographical Survey of the Crimean region", "Climate in Crimea, Weather in Yalta: How Often Does it Rain in Crimea? The classical name for Crimea, Tauris or Taurica, is from the Greek (Taurik), after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. Crimea is surrounded almost completely by the Black Sea, and encompasses an area of about 10,000square miles (26,000 square kilometers), roughly the size of the state of Maryland. Mangup/Doros (Gothic, Theodoro). After the fall of the Soviet empire, Tatars began to return to their ancestral Crimean homeland, where they now number about 250,000 roughly 12 percent of the Crimean population. West: The Isthmus of Perekop /Perekop/Or Qapi, about 7km (4mi) wide, connects Crimea to the mainland. Geographers generally divide the peninsula into three zones: the steppe, the Crimean Mountains, and the Southern Coast. 165. Southeast of Bakhchisarai is the cliff-fort of Chufut-Kale/Qirq Or which was used in more warlike times. [60] Sixty percent of the industry market belongs to food production. As of late 2019, known Ukrainian reserves amounted to 1.09 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, second only to Norway's known resources of 1.53 trillion cubic meters. In the nearby townlet village of Molochnoye, a 1.6km-long tram line provides the only connection between the sea shore and a holiday resort, but its operation is halted since 2015. The political system has become increasingly personalised, leading to the question of whether it can survive beyond Putin himself. The country's geostrategic position has rendered it susceptible to the ongoing larger conflict between Russia and the West. The Black Sea serves as an economic thoroughfare connecting the Caucasus region and the Caspian Sea to central and Eastern Europe. Cattle, poultry and sheep breeding are also important and Crimea is home to a variety of natural resources like salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone. [92], According to the 2014 Russian census, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% Crimean Tatar; 3.7% Tatar; and 3.3% Ukrainian. Road- and rail-bridges cross the northern part of Syvash. Older plants in operation include the Sevastopol TEC (close to Inkerman) which uses AEG and Ganz Elektro turbines and turbogenerators generating about 25 MW each, Sinferopol TEC (north, in Agrarne locale) Yepvatoria, Kamysh Burun TEC (Kerch south Zaliv) and a few others. Race between Russia and the West for Ukrainian resources. Some varieties are found in many regions of the Crimea, other specimens are considered rare. Long-distance trains provided connection to every major Ukrainian cities, but also to many towns of Russia, Belarus and until the end of the 2000es even to Vilnius, Riga, Warsaw and Berlin. [citation needed] Although it accounts for only 0.4% and 0.8% of the Earth's land surface and world's population respectively, the country has approximately 5% of the world's mineral resources. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. [44] The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula. In 1921 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. A fluid backstory: Crimea is a sea-girdled peninsula of arid steppes and salty marshes. [56] The number of tourist arrivals reached a record in 2012 at 6.1million. Karasu-Bazar/Bilohorsk was a commercial center. In the 13th century, some Crimean port cities were controlled by the Venetians and by the Genovese, but the interior was much less stable, enduring a long series of conquests and invasions. [42] Lake Syvash (Sva or ) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560km2 (988sqmi). The number of Crimea Germans was 60,000 in 1939. In 2021, India imported coal to meet its domestic coal shortage and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that supply chain is going to get impacted. The North Crimean Canal now crosses it to bring water from the Dnieper. Ukraine has large natural resources, with precisely five per cent of the earth's natural and mineral resources.