Excavators first discovered the Kouros under the guidance of George Reisner (Harvard University - Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . with one another and their relationship He illustrates this image from the simplistic posture of the individual rather then elaborating on jewelry or clothes. According to tradition, Menkaure was . Pharaoh Menkaure, Khafre's son, built a third pyramid at the Giza site around 2490 BCE. It is the Hebrew pronunciation of the ancient Egyptian term per-aa, meaning "Big House." Originally it referred to the royal estate, but came to be used for the king himself, just as we might say "The Palace" or "The White House." The many reliefs and paintings in this temple serve as sources from which we can draw conclusions about her life and her reign., These two statues are famous to the Egyptian art era. The statue of Khafre and Akhenaton reflects the political and religious climates of their time through the use of medium which symbolized the pharaohs eternal life and timelessness, and through formal qualities which symbolized the hidden religious meanings inside the sculpture., This is a statue of Menkaure and one of his wives. This grid helped the artists properly proportion the figures and lay out the scenes. you can see hands at the ends of those rays, Here Akhenaten says, no, 1 Mikyla Avila Art History February 27, 2023 Comparison Essay: This essay will compare and contrast two works of art from the Egyptian Period in art history: the King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and queen, which was produced between 2490 and 2472 B.C.E. STEVEN ZUCKER: So In 1908, George Reisner found eight "triads" representing Pharaoh Menkaure, the goddess Hathor, and various provinces of Egypt. In the statue Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty, the artist portrays these traits through an authoritative vision of the figure. by curvilinear forms. (Figures 4.10, 4.11, and 4.12). It was in these rooms that Reisner made a sensational discovery in July 1908. But in some ways, think about Egyptian art, we don't think of change. It is made of granite and is a statue of Queen Hatshepsut, the wife of Tutmose III, one of the most dynamic egyptian kings of the eighteenth dynasty. Sepulchral Chamber of Men-ka-ra. King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and queen Egyptian Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura 2490-2472 B.C. Art History 101 - Ancient to Medieval Handout 2. During this time period, sculptures of kings depicted a more real look. historians wonder whether there was something Not only is it a truly unique piece of work, but also it is a piece that is revolutionary for its time. They presented the forms in the nude (only sculptures of males were nude at first, female sculpture remained clothed until the fourth century BCE) and, over time, they increasingly sought to capture more accurate physical details and the principles of movement in the body, rather than the static sense of permanence the Egyptians had favored. As Pharaoh, she encouraged trade and sent a voyage to the land of Punt, sponsored a vast building project in Egypt, added to the temple of Amon at Karnak, and commissioned her famous mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, decorated with her most impressive achievements. With time, the paint would have flaked away, revealing the black stone underneath and explicitly linking the deceased king with the Lord of the Underworld. We think that this is a Direct link to Lena Lindstrom's post 4:06 "you can see hand, Posted 10 years ago. He explored color theory in relationship to music, logic, human emotion, and the spiritual underpinnings of the abstractions that for centuries had been viewed and absorbed through religious icons and popular folk prints in his native Russia. So this period is a very brief Scarce material evidence about the reign of Menkaure is represented by fragments of vessels inscribed with his name. House Altar depicting Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Three of their Daughters, limestone, New Kingdom, Amarna period, 18th dynasty, c.1350 BCE (gyptisches Museum/Neues Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin). And love and domesticity. Egyptian art had been dominated by rectilinear forms. The texture of the of the sculpture has a very smooth and polished. The Pharaoh never overcame his grief and guilt. Harder stones include quartzite, diorite, granite, and basalt. almost 3,000 years. wrong with their anatomy. changes his own name to Akhenaten, which King Menkaure Family 2. So we can see the cobra. This piece gives a look at Egyptian culture during this time and preserves the image of Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty. On the right side of the, Queen Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh who ruled Egypt. ), graywacke, c. 2490-2472 BCE (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). The ancient Egyptians also referred to the king as "pharaoh," a term still in use today. In this sculpture, she sits upon a throne and wears the royal kilt and the striped nemes (NEM-iss) headdress with the uraeus (cobra) and is bare chested like a man. This has always been one 1473-1458 B.C., assumed the titles and functions of king she was portrayed in royal male costumes. Menkaure was the eldest son of Pharaoh Khafre, the grandson of Khufu (Cheops), and ruled in the middle of the third millennium BC, from about 2490 to -2473, though the length of Menkaure's reign is uncertain. tenderly, supporting her head, holding her under the thighs. Were All Egyptian Pharaohs Buried in Pyramids? The detail level is high, which makes the sculpture appear more realistic. Ancient Desert Mystery Did Thousands Vanish Without A Trace Because Of An Ominous Prophecy And Revenge? The canon also set standards for their garments, headgear, the false beard, the arm and fist positions, and other details. The massive size of this statue leaves one wondering if women have always been just as powerful as men, if not more., | Barbara Hepworth Two Figures The sculpture similarity to the standing forms of King Menkaure and his Queen., When I visited the Brooklyn Museum, I got to see many different works of art. Unlike his grandfather, Khufu, Menkaure had many statues and high reliefs that allowed us to see him. The artistic climate fostered widespread experimentation, and the synergistic atmosphere was a seedbed for new ideas and modes of working. entire priesthood of Egypt by making him and his He ordered that as night fell, candles were to be lit, and he continued to live by day and night, drinking and pursuing amusements. These minerals were ground and then mixed with a plant or animal based glue to make a medium able to attach to the walls. For instance, the exemplary statues of Menkaure (right), builder of the smallest of the three major pyramids at Giza, were executed in dark schist (also called graywacke). Here are all information to know about King Menkaure: 1. This sculpture of King Menkaura and his wife, which is about 2/3 life size, was created between 2490 BCE and 2472 BCE. Menkaure's queen provides the perfect female counterpart to his youthful masculine virility. The most famous of these representations is the triad, a high relief depicting Menkaure, with the goddess Hathor by his side and a nome's personification of a province. 12, Aleksandr Rodchenko: http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhtruct_jpg.html; Assembling for a Demonstration, Aleksandr Rodchenko: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/45090?locale=en) and its most active early theorist and writer was probably Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944, Russia, lived Germany and France). Unfortunately, it never arrived there. As a pharaoh, Menkaure is remembered for his kindness and religiosity, unlike his father Khafre and grandfather Khufu. Egypt, the supreme ruler. Traditionally, the rulers of Egypt were male. Following rulers dismantled temples (which had been abandoned) and eventually there was an attempt to basically write any evidence of Atenism out of history. The shoulders are rounded and there is a long oval indentation that resembles a neckline for a dress. Tutankhamuns lunar pectoral in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (New Kingdom). of my favorite sculptures. And if you look closely, except for the rays that terminate right at the Kandinsky, also Russian but working in Germany, wrote an important treatise entitled Concern- ing the Spiritual in Art (1912) that was widely popular and soon translated from the original German into many languages. Akhenaten liked Nefertiti a lot, so she's almost as big. Akhenaten was a monotheist. Stories abound about the era in art and the push from abstraction to non-representation, with several artists claiming to have led the breakthrough. I remember seeing a program on television that said that Akhenaten was in fact "out of proportion" and that his pointy skull, narrow shoulders, and large waist, were a result of inbreeding which was a common practice amongst royal families. Hence, his second son Shepseskaf became his successor to the throne, as per the Turin King List. In the twentieth century, though, this approach took on different character in some instances, with a stated rejection of the art as related to the natural world and concerned instead with the art itself, to the processes by which it was made, and with the product as referring to these processes and artistic qualities rather than to some out- side phenomenon: the observed world. The Turin King List and other historical evidence indicates that Menkaure was the son of Pharaoh Khafre and the grandson of the famous PharaohKhufu. Direct link to drszucker's post Style quickly reverted to. It is a little over 6 feet tall and about 20 inches at its widest. His wives were Queens Khamerernebty II and Rekhetre, while Shepseskaf was the successor to Menkaure and probably his son. to the pantheon of gods that traditional Egyptian Recurrent strains of abstraction appear throughout the history of art, when artists elected to streamline, suppress, or de-emphasize reference to the phenomenal world. Fortunately, the coffin reached the Museum because it traveled on another boat. This small, black granite sculpture that caught my eye is of him. Source: Carme Mayans, National Geographic, Your email address will not be published. (Figure 4.4) A Quaker minister, Hicks treated his painting at first as a supplemental avocation, then as his primary means of supporting his family. If so, why did it fail? Menkaure, also spelled Menkure, Greek Mykerinos, (flourished 26th century), fifth (according to some traditions, sixth) king of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575c. Her hand also looks lifelike, together with her feet. Akhenaten liked Nefertiti a lot, so she's almost as big. The first of these works is by Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899, France), who depicted a variety of animals in great detail with regard to their anatomy and physiognomy, and took great care to render her illustrations with fidelity to the appearance to the actual animals she had observed. The valley temple of this pyramid was made of bricks and housed several statues of Menkaure and his wives along with several Egyptian deities. Marc created a great many images of animals in nature that were metaphorical reflections of his views of mankind and the human spirit. The purpose of the meeting was to distribute the excavation areas on the Giza plateau. https://web.archive.org/web/20140215025647/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/materials-and-techniques-of-the-ancient-egyptian-artist.html, CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Menkaure's unfinished pyramid was not higher than those of his father and grandfather, but the coating was beautifully polished, which can still be seen today. Artisans excelled at puzzling together small, irregular pieces of wood and pegged them into place to create statuary, coffins, boxes, and furniture. Ancient Mediterranean: 3500 B.C.E.-300 C.E. Figure 4. One further note is needed in consideration of the relationship of type to response to the phenomenal world. Direct link to Polythene Pam's post Did his children try to c, Posted 10 years ago. Direct link to Greg Boyle dG dB's post No one is really sure. This material may not bepublished, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or part without the express written permission of AncientPages.com, Legendary Ynglings: Descendants Of The Norse Gods And Oldest Scandinavian King Dynasty, Runes Were Just As Advanced As Roman Alphabet Writing New Study, Ancient Burials Of Worlds First Horse Riders Found Near The Black Sea, Clevelands Prehistoric Sea Monster Had A Mouth Twice As Large As A Great White Shark, Mysterious Bronze Age Golden Tomb Unearthed In Armenia. He was considered the most righteous ruler of all. Menkaure And His Queen Analysis. This smooth black stone is connected with Osiris, resurrected god of the dead who was often shown with black or green skin referring to the fertile silt and lush vegetation of the Nile valley. It was a raw brick construction with a limestone foundation, which gave the impression of having been hastily finished, perhaps due to the unexpected death of the king. Direct link to S.D. In 1902 an Egyptological summit was held on the terrace of the Mena House hotel in Cairo. Menkaure was the eldest son of Pharaoh Khafre, the grandson of Khufu (Cheops), and ruled in the middle of the third millennium BC, from about 2490 to -2473, though the length of Menkaure's reign is uncertain. Cult statues of gods were made in gold and silvermaterials identified by myth as their skin and bonesand were often quite small. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Menkaure-king-of-Egypt, The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Seated Statue of King Menkaure. It means "Effective Spirit of the Aten". It is more naturalistic, not idealized like the royal works. This necessity resulted in the idealization of the natural physical form. holding another daughter on her lap, pointing back He reached the throne after the death of his father, King Khafre in 2530 B.C. Plus, they said in the video that these two are the only people with direct access to the god(s). He did not do what he had to do: Egypt was destined to endure calamities for 150 years. His facial features are remarkably individualized with prominent eyes, a fleshy nose, rounded cheeks, and full mouth with protruding lower lip. According to tradition, Menkaure was a pious and just king. He seems to be holding her very After all, she spared Pharaoh Khufu, who tried to act contrary to fate. In the broadest terms, if the work has visual reference to the phenomenal world, we consider it to be representational. Image source. Updates? A cache of royal jewelry from the tombs of Middle Kingdom princesses displays extremely high levels of skill in terms of design as well as precisely cut stone inlays, repouss, and cloisonn. At the eastern entrance, a hall with four columns flanked by rooms that looked like warehouses led to a large patio that gave access to the offering room, with six columns, and the sanctuary itself, next to which some rooms opened. Right next to the causeway leading from Khafre's valley temple to the mortuary temple sits the first truly colossal sculpture in Egyptian history: the Great Sphinx. So, while it is a representational image of the royal body, the need to depict him as a fit and worthy ruler meant that he was generally shown as being in the prime of life, with a trim and perfectly proportioned physique, and with no apparent hint of weakness or vulnerability. So he actually For instance, already in the Predynastic period we find figurines carved from lapis lazuia lustrous blue stone that originates in what is now Afghanistan and indicates the early presence of robust trade routes. The figures depicted in the sculpture are Pharaoh Menkaure and, who is thought to be Queen Khamerernebty II. And, to some extent, all works are also abstract, in that they might remind us of what we see in the phenomenal world by only reflecting some physical feature(s) rather than detailing the object, place, or person itself. We don't really know the motive, only that everything changed back almost immediately. His facial features are remarkably individualized with prominent eyes, a fleshy nose, rounded cheeks, and full mouth with protruding lower lip. What is menkaure and his wife made of? His wives were Queens Khamerernebty II and Rekhetre, while Shepseskaf was the successor to Menkaure and probably his son. That is why most societies turned to patriarchal rule. This quartz-based medium could be easily shaped, molded, and mass produced. His mother was Queen Khamerernebty I, as it was mentioned on a flint knife, discovered in his tomb. The first artist to use the term non- objective art, however, seems to have been Aleksandr Rodchenko (1890-1956, Russia), (Spatial Construction no. Rodchenko sought to affirm the independence of artistic process and the constructive approach to creating artworks that were self-referential, and he explored the possibilities in painting, drawing, photography, sculpture and graphic arts. That would make them pretty important - and so they're big in pictures. Menkaure had another son Sekhemre, as discovered from a statue at Menkaures pyramid. Answers: 1 on a question: What period of art they depict the pharaoh menkaure and his queen He also had a daughter who had a very uncomfortable relationship with her father. Most of this structure's interior spaces are located below ground level; the burial chamber itself is located even 15.5 meters below the base of the pyramid and is carved into the rock. this new god, Aten. This (apparently) "boring". This gesture also showed how they did not respect Queen Hatshepsut because they altered her image as a male. Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.) The artist creates these two individual of royalty under one strong power, were the male figure represent authority and is supported by the naturalistic female queen, which is slightly less powering., The Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut is a magnificent piece of art located in the Egyptian section next to many other statues of the great pharaoh Hatshepsut. Figure 6. The key is he makes him and his faces of the king and queen. that Nefertiti is queen of both. Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.) The Middle Kingdom lasted from c. 1975-1640 BCE. DISCOVERY The statue of the Pharaoh Menkaure (Mycerinus) and his Queen in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, carved out of slate and dating to 2548-2530 BCE, is an example of Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty royal sculpture. So as much of the body is Here is a website that has a few theories at why these reforms may have occurred. purely stylistic break. Hatshepsut in a Devotional Attitude is an Egyptian statue from 1473-1458 BCE. BETH HARRIS: We see Nefertiti holding his eldest daughter, and he's actually getting traditions of Egyptian art. When you go down to the detail level, especially the face and hands are prominent. real shift in style. private domestic environment-- is a perfect example of arms, and elongated skulls, forms that have made to most Egyptian art. he was known with differently named such as Mykerinos and Menkheres. medically wrong with Akhenaten. Direct link to ducie1's post Beth Harris "Do you reali, Posted 3 years ago. Such representations were more for a political statement, rather than a reflection of the way she actually looked. The head would have helped to suggest the movement. The dyad of Menkaure and his Queen was undoubtedly a work of art meant to perpetuate the Egyptian pharaoh's glory. Figure 2. The Pharaoh died before his pyramid was finished. So let's take a look at some In 1908, George Reisner found eight triads representing Pharaoh Menkaure, the goddess Hathor, and various provinces of Egypt. More information on the materials used to make pigments, as well as a discussion of the symbolism of various colors may be found in the article Aspects of Color in Ancient Egypt at Egyptological. Menkaure and His Queen Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe 1. Harder stones include quartzite, diorite, granite, and basalt. You can see that he's He was the son and probably the successor of Khafre and, according to the Turin papyrus, reigned for 18 (or 28) years. 43 Marquetry 17 Mastaba 19, 28, 33 Meket-Re 46 Menkaure 36 Mereruka 35 Meresankh III 31 . Four of these sculptures, which received the name of triads, were fragmented and incomplete, but four others were found complete and in an excellent state of conservation. We really have a His wife, Queen Khamerernebty II was also probably buried in any of these three pyramids. There is a sense of the individual in both faces. Menkaure is best known for his own pyramid at Giza, which is the smallest of the three pyramids at the site. And this was in such contrast Two alabaster portraits of the king, four complete statues, and the triad. In some works, though, the difference in correspondence to natural appearance can be due to the artists very different purpose for the work. 3000 BC circa Early Dynastic Period begins after the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt 2469-2150 BC Old Kingdom - establishment of the traditional artistic canon 2040-1640 BC Middle Kingdom 1550 BC New Kingdom - Egyptian artistic tradition at its height, great architectural achievements and big temples . And so it's as if Aten is Of course, seeing the image at a different angle or under a different light could potentially make other areas of the sculpture stand out more. Menkaure was known to have two wives and one of them was his own sister, Queen Khamerernebty II. is sitting on a simpler throne. supreme deity, the only deity. He ruled Egypt for roughly 18 or 22 years, as indicated by the historical evidence that was discovered so far about him. There was also a cedar coffin. Menkaure (also Menkaura, Egyptian transliteration mn-k3w-R), was an ancient Egyptian king of the fourth dynasty during the Old Kingdom, who is well known under his Hellenized names Mykerinos (Greek: ) (by Herodotus) and Menkheres (Greek: ) (by Manetho).According to Manetho, he was the throne successor of king Bikheris, but according to archaeological . It's not that the children actually were that size, it's just emphasizing that they are not as important or powerful as their parents. this new age, this new religion, from Egypt's past. It would have been an They had a son together, Khunre, but he died early. of light that pour down. George Reisner recovered a large amount of material from the Menkaure funerary complex. While looking around on the 3rd floor, there was one specific piece that caught my attention, King Senwosret III. There is a softness throughout that is an absolute contrast to the traditions of Egyptian art. God is present. The name of Menkaure was found written on scarabs dated to the 26th Dynasty, which may imply that he was worshiped in this period. A theory is that the statue was originally positioned within a niche making it appear like if they were walking outside it. Menkaure is portrayed in the familiar Egyptian pose standing as if at attention with his left leg extended forward, his arms held stiff at his sides, and his fists clenched holding some unidentified cylindrical objects. In ancient Egypt, hierarchy was glorified to signify the contribution and power they had. The messengers asked the goddess of world order: "The father and grandfather of the great Menkaure locked the temples, did not honor the gods, oppressed the people, and lived happily until a ripe old age. The majority were found in various stages of completion. Is this fair? Men standing in a high-ceilinged tomb chamber. The ethereal beauty of the Egyptian statue "King Menkaure and queen" Exploring Art with Alessandro 1.71K subscribers Subscribe 64 Share 4.2K views 2 years ago Hi! If we look at the We can see the sun disk. in Egyptian art. Akhenaten himself. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. BETH HARRIS: He changes it from The inscriptions on the wooden coffin name the owner "Osiris Menkaure, to whom eternal life was given, born from heaven, from the sky goddess Nut over you" The coffin and skeletal remains are now in the British Museum. Carving on softer stones was done using copper chisels and stone tools; hard stone required tools of yet harder stone, copper alloys, and the use of abrasive sand to shape them. From the start of the back of the neck down to the start of the tail, a long undecorated line interrupted by a horizontal band of inscriptions around the neck appears to divide the sculpture medially. . Left: Fragments of the lid of a wooden coffin have been found, probably from a restoration of the burial from the 26th Dynasty. . STEVEN ZUCKER: So let's During the reign of Khufu and Khafre, Egypt suffered severe disasters. This close physical association (along with other evidence) indicates that this massive depiction of a recumbent lion with the head of a king was carved for Khafre. STEVEN ZUCKER: Right. King Senwosret III was a 12th Dynasty King that ruled from c. 1836-1818 BCE. Sometimes artists create an idealized version of a natural form rather than truly reflecting its actual appearance. Khufu and Khafra understood this, but Menkaure did not understand. On the left, you have And there, you see not The story preserved in the legends says that he met his death suddenly. (Herodotus, Histories, 2.129-133). In modern history, he is particularly famous for the construction of his own tomb at the Giza necropolis, which is now universally known as the Pyramid of Menkaure. The surface would be smoothed with a layer of plaster and then painted. don't think that there was. Ceremonial gilded wooden shield from the tomb of Tutakhamun. In the Egyptian language, the Pyramid of Menkaure was known as Netjer-er-Menkaure, or Menkaure is divine. During the late 1970s, one teacher questioned the role of the queen in ancient Egyptian art. The Marble Statue of a Kouros (youth) is an Archaic Greek statue from 590-680 BCE. immediately apparent that there's something Menkaure had another son Sekhemre, as discovered from a statue at Menkaure's pyramid. Iron oxide nodules, source of a range of red pigments, Thebes. At first glance, the part of the sculpture that seems to stand out the most are the heads of the pharaoh and the queen. Many objects, especially small amulets and inlays, were made from a manufactured material known as Egyptian faience. (Figure 4.7). According to archeological evidence, he ascended the throne after the death of his father Khafre in 2530 B.C. there is only one true god. Whereas her hips are wider than they would have been on a man. According to what's known today, Menkaure had 3 sons and 2 daughters. His wives were Queens Khamerernebty II and Rekhetre, while Shepseskaf was the successor to Menkaure and probably his son. Why should a pious and kind Pharaoh die in six years? Beth Harris "Do you realise that "Akhenaten" does not mean "The Aten is Happy" ? throughout that is an absolute contrast to the The pharaoh is always big. altar in someone's home, where they would have seen Omissions? Wonderfully sensitive statues of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III confirm the return of conditions in which great work could be achieved. It is almost 8 feet tall and almost 2.5 feet wide. The body of the sculpture is the largest part of the figure. Menkaure was the eldest son of Pharaoh Khafre, the grandson of Khufu (Cheops), and ruled in the middle of the third millennium BC, from about 2490 to -2473, though the length of Menkaure's reign is uncertain. This page titled 4.3: TYPES OF ART is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Pamela Sachant, Peggy Blood, Jeffery LeMieux, & Rita Tekippe (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . (Figure 4.3) Artistically gifted and thoroughly trained, she went on to deepen her own knowledge and to hone her skills by visiting farms, veterinarian dissections, and slaughterhouses in order to develop extensive knowledge of her preferred subject matter, with which she created imagery of animals and other features of rural farm life. His second wife was his half-sister Queen Rekhetre. STEVEN ZUCKER: Akhenaten himself Menkaure is perhaps most well-known for his pyramid at Giza, which is the smallest of the three pyramids at the site and is located next to the Great Pyramid of Khufu, built by Menkaure's grandfather. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/26.7.1412, Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike. The development of this idea was perhaps an inevitable phase of the abstraction and explorations of the formal means that had been conducted by various movements that evolved in nineteenth and twentieth centuries. And I think it's They have carved the details out and worked with them to make them as smooth as possible. The Giza site would include a second pyramid built around 2530 BCE by Pharaoh Khafre, Khufu's son. When Reisner believed that the temple in the valley of Menkaure had already revealed all its secrets, on January 8, 1910 another complete sculptural group came to light: A representation of the pharaoh, wearing a nemes or royal handkerchief, accompanied by a woman who hugs him, possibly his wife, Queen Khamerernebty.