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The premier SD 421 cylinder head was the late 1962-early 1963 casting #9771980 aka "980", featuring a larger 11.3cuin (185cc) intake port volume, flowing 230cuft/min (6.5m3/min) @ 28in (710mm). The main upgrade for the engine was the ESC, (Electronic Spark Control)[15] which provided slightly more power at 170hp (127kW) with 4.9L (299cuin) for the 19801981 model years. SELLER Glendale, Arizona 85305. Given that, it was no accident that the leader in intermediate muscle also put together the finest full-size performance machine -- the 1966 Pontiac 2+2. The engine build will be discussed in two parts. Ram Air induction was optionally available with the 455 HO in the Firebird Formula (standard on Trans Am), and the 2-door LeMans (including GTO). Jim told HPP, "Since I was a young man in the '60s, I always thought how great it would be to find a true 100hp in a legendary 421 Tri-Power setup that retained its iron heads and intake. The 1979 Firebird model line was the last year for the Pontiac 400, and by this point not only was it required with the 4-speed manual transmission, it also required the WS6 Special Handling Package as mandatory equipment. Pistons: Icon PN IC892 application 428 +0.030-in with 10cc dish Kits for Pontiac applications. Some 400s were dealer installed. All 1980 Trans Ams received this engine as standard with the option to delete this engine choice as a credit option for the standard L37 301. Pontiac engines were used in its U.S.-market cars; Canadian-built Pontiac automobiles generally used Chevrolet engines. Pontiac . The 1966 Pontiac GTO was also the first car to replace the aluminum grille with plastic mesh-pattern inserts. The inlets were all well within the boundary layer that exists close to the surface, so all of these systems would more accurately be described as "outside air induction" systems, benefiting from the intake of cooler, and thus denser, outside air versus the comparatively hotter and less dense air under the car's hood. Math, not gasoline, makes horsepower under the hood of a Pontiac. Dry weight ranged from 590 to 650 pounds (270 to 290kg), depending on displacement and year. Two four-barrel carburetors, 10.5:1 compression, 285hp (213kW) @ 5100rpm, 330lbft (447Nm) @ 2600rpm. In 1968, there was also a 350 "HO" which had increased power with the addition of higher compression #18 heads (#17 and #46 were the most common 2-barrel heads), a four-barrel carburettor and matching intake that was also used on the 400 and 428 engines. [19] The cylinder head design is similar to the Ford FE tunnel-port head used in the GT40 and Can-Am series racing. The Pontiac 2+2 is a full size automobile that was manufactured by Pontiac, built on the B-body chassis.It debuted for the 1964 model year as a trim-only option for the Pontiac Catalina, with special door panels, bucket seats with a center console, and exterior badging.Pontiac marketed the 2+2 as the "big brother" to the popular Pontiac GTO.. Beginning in 1965 the name Catalina was no longer . The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. From a performance perspective, the 2+2 is pretty impressive. Preparation: Wash after balance for assembly Balancer: Original PMD rebuilt by Damper Doctor The camshaft was also revised to have a slightly higher duration, the carburettor jets tuned and a dual exhaust was implemented allowing the power to increase to 220hp (223PS; 164kW) at 4000 rpm and 320lbft (434Nm) of torque at 2800 rpm. Though a change of camshaft would delay production, Pontiac decided to change camshaft, employing one with identical timing to the 744 camshaft, which had been used in the 400 Ram Air(aka Ram Air III) engine with manual transmissions. The heads were a new design featuring siamesed intake ports. It is probably best known for it's Tri-power option, which was optional on GTO's from 1964 through 1966.. Metallurgy of the critical parts is an area often overlooked, but not by Jim Taylor. This was a project started with the end goal of building a 427 Hemi. The 421 SD Tri . Both engines received the McKellar number-10 camshaft, which was much like a solid-lifter version of the hydraulic number-041 of later years. "1966 Pontiac 2+2" Melling PN M54D with 60 psi spring, made 70 psi at 6,000 rpm with 30W oil Pontiac continued to manufacture its own engines, distinct from Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, or Oldsmobile, until 1981. The 2+2 reverted to option status for '67, then died, a proud relic of a time when big cars, Pontiacs in particular, ruled the streets. As with all other Pontiac V8 motors that evolved from the 316 V8, the 421 was simply a bored out and stroked version of the popular Pontiac 389 V8. cam specs out at 215/225-degrees duration at 0.050 and has just 0.407/0.407 lift with the factory 1.50:1 rockers. Pontiac first offered the 2+2 as a Catalina engine, suspension, and trim group in 1964. Valvesprings: Crower, dual no damper This installment includes the assembly and parts selection up to the long-block. Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. The 421SD was available in 1961 as a dealer option or over the counter then in 62 and 63 from the factory, and was fitted with a list of internal modifications designed solely to withstand the abuse of drag racing. 1966 Pontiac Catalina 068) to 301/313 (No. It was removed from the design for the 1960 model year because designers moved the generator and the power steering pump from atop the front of the engine down to the front of the heads to accommodate a lower hoodline. The first letter equals the month. 1969 - 400 Ram Air III or 350HO Code 48. There were a few 1962 Grand Prix models that came with a 421 SD from the factory so if someone is lucky enough to have one today then they have a car that is probably worth some decent money simply because of the rarity of these models.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'enginefacts_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-enginefacts_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Engine Facts 2023. The SD-389 was limited to a single 4-barrel while the SD-421 used dual 4-barrels. Rated at 370 horsepower at 5,200 rpm and 460 pounds-feet of torque at 3,800 rpm, it has 10.75:1 compression, with induction through three Rochester two-barrel carbs, Pontiac's well-known "Tri-Power" setup. By comparison, the factory 421 H.O. Power output ranged from 135hp (101kW) to 170hp (127kW). It could only be ordered with a TH200 automatic transmission and a 2bbl configuration. Two different cylinder-head castings were used for the 1962 model year, both with a combustion chamber volume of 68cc (4.15cuin) to produce an 11.0:1 compression ratio. This new material had stronger alloys in the iron. Pontiac introduced the OHC 6 in two flavors for '66: a base engine with a one-barrel carburetor that developed 165 hp at 4700 rpm, and a sportier version with a 10.5:1 compression ratio, a high-lift cam, a split exhaust manifold, and GM's new four-barrel Quadrajet carburetor (below). While the 400 offered excellent power in the GTO (360 horses and 445 lb-ft of torque in 1968), Pontiac turned to what it called 'big journal' engines for the muscle machine's next upgrade. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. [2] This was the engine installed in the Pontiac Executive line of large cars[3] and its largest station wagon, the Pontiac Safari. It was rated at 376bhp in 1967 and 390bhp in 1968 and 1969. From 1969 though 1970, the Ram Air IV was available in both A-Body (GTO, including Judge) and F-body (Firebird, including Trans Am) form. 1965-75 Pontiac & Tempest engine tune-upspecifications including timing, dwell angle, and Spark Plug Gap, and firing order. Pontiac first offered three two-barrel carburetors in 1957 and the Tri-power set up was an option on the GTO from 1964-66. of torque at 3,800 RPM in the GTO, and 340 HORSEPOWER at 5,300 RPM and 430-lb.ft. This 1966 Pontiac 2+2 Convertible is a beautifully restored big-block convertible that is ready for some boulevard cruising! intake duration and later 1964 L with 288deg intake essentially the same as the 068 cam. This was based on results of over 1 million test miles, which was unheard of at the time. To learn about it, read. The goal of making a Pontiac Hemi succeeded but the engine was never produced. It also could hold its own against a range of performance cars. "Armasteel" was a trademark of pearlitic malleable iron developed by GM's Saginaw Metal Casting Operations around 1936, which was referred to as "locking ball" cast-iron, as opposed to the "flaking" type found in other engines. Though never factory-installed in any car, the ultimate engine of the Ram Air line of engines was the tunnel-port Ram Air V. In 1969 Pontiac created four versions of the Ram Air V engine: a 303cuin (5.0L) short deck version for SCCA Trans-Am racing, a 366cuin (6.0L) variant for NASCAR, a 400cuin (6.6L) version for street use in GTOs and Firebirds, as well as a 428cuin (7.0L) adaptation for drag racing. But the "Ram Air" 400 also mandated steep 4.33:1 gears(or 3.90:1 in Firebird), making the Quadra-Power 400 (400 HO) the top practical street engine option for most drivers. A panel covers the dash opening where the radio would have been on a standard Catalina. Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations then assembled at Tonawanda Engine before delivery to Pontiac Assembly for installation. For those who may not be familiar with the equation, here it is again: for 1980, and the 8th being a "T" for 1981). 1969 - 400 Ram Air III Code 62. The initial press cars that were given to the various enthusiast magazines (e.g. Save pontiac 421 complete engine to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. 1966 Pontiac Catalina technical specifications and data. Beep, beep! Given how late in the model year it was, Pontiac decided not to incur the costs of recertifying the SD-455 for other models other than the Firebird. The 455 was used through 1976 when it, as with many other large displacement engines, was discontinued as manufacturers moved to smaller, more efficient models, even in their full size car lines. Contemporary road tests suggest that it was actually somewhat inferior to the Tri-Power engines, although it did have better fuel economy. Based on the same short-deck as the 301, the "LS5" 265.1cuin (4.3L) was offered only in 1980 and 1981. From 1955 through 1959, the Pontiac V8 was also used in some GMC pick-up trucks. This had extra-rich "DX" secondary metering rods and a remote vacuum source for the primary metering rod enrichment circuit to allow the Power Enrichment Vacuum Regulator (PEVR) to release the primary metering rods to move to the up position (enrichment) anytime during boosted conditions. / 8.3 mpg (U.S.) / 3.5 km/l, more data: 1966 Pontiac Bonneville Convertible . Both Randy and Stan were aware of the . Along with being cheaper to build, this allowed more consistent valve action with less weight than a conventional shaft. Over the years he has amassed a library of data from investing in metallurgical testing with a well-respected laboratory. Specifications listing with the performance factory . Styling for Status. A camshaft with 301/313 degrees of advertised duration, 0.407-inch (10.3mm) net valve lift, and 76 degrees of valve overlap was specified for actual production engines in lieu of the significantly more aggressive Ram Air IV-spec camshaft that had originally been planned for the engine (initially rated at 310hp (231kW) with that cam), but ultimately proved incapable of meeting the tightening emissions standards of the era with sufficient margin to satisfy Pontiac emission engineers given expected volume production variations. Car and Driver magazine, which had showcased the infamous Pontiac GTO vs. Ferrari's GTO comparison in 1964, organized another bout between the . High output Pontiac V8 Cylinder Heads. It's well documented that an internal combustion engine is nothing more than an air pump. Fuel pump: Will use 110-gph Carter According to the June 2019 issue of Muscle car Review magazine, during dyno testing performed during that era, the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) rated this Pontiac W72 400 T/A 6.6 engine at 260 to 280 net horsepower instead of the 220-hp rating published by Pontiac. (V8) - Stamped on right front side of block or beneath production . Coil: GM Only 157 Ram Air IV Firebirds, including 55 Trans Ams, were built for 1969. Keepers: Comp Cams race locks Turn adjusting screw in Clockwise until engine misfires, then turn screw out 1/2 turn . Buckets and a console were added to the top-line Catalina interior, which could be optioned with a sport steering wheel and instrumentation that included a tachometer and oil-pressure gauge. [19], Parts for Ram Air V engines are not readily available. The 421 used the same 4.120-inch bore but used the 4.0-inch crank from the 421 it replaced. This is the original car featured in the May 1962 issue of Motor Trend Magazine that was modified by Royal Pontiac and driven by Jim Wangers. Still, it was the strongest American engine offered that year. It tips the scales at 3,950lbs. Factory heavy-duty high-pressure oil pump and eight-quart sump, four-bolt main bearing caps with Moraine aluminum bearings, and #1110976 dual-point distributor without vacuum advance. Where else will the extra 100 horses come from? One of the key upgrades were the 6x4 heads. Engine Block Date Code. The crankshafts were also unique in the fact that they featured only two counter weights instead of the usual five and also featured lightened connecting rod journals. All Pontiac Bonneville Convertible versions offered for the year 1966 with complete specs, performance and technical data in the catalogue of cars . All W72 equipped Trans Ams featured the "T/A 6.6" shaker decal. In the early '60s, the engine program at the Pontiac division of General Motors was a wide-open operation that bustled with innovation. The concept car Pontiac Strato-Streak was used to introduce the V8 and in later years the engine was installed in Pontiac products. Diameter: 516-in Although it is much different from the original 1955-vintage Pontiac V-8 powerplant, the 301 has the distinction of being the last true Pontiac V-8 engine, as Pontiac ceased production of these engines effective April 1, 1981. It was rated at 366bhp (273kW) (gross) in the GTO version. It was offered in the following forms: For 1957 the V8's stroke was increased to 3.5625in (90.49mm), for a displacement of 347cuin (5.7L). The 1981 301 Turbo gained the electronic controls with an O2 sensor, feedback ECM and E4ME Quadrajet providing a slight reduction in output to 205hp (153kW) and 340lbft (461Nm).The 301 Turbo was limited to Trans Am and Formula Firebird production only. As Pontiac still wanted to offer a performance motor to compete in the performance market, they looked back to the 400 Pontiac and how it could be improved to offer greater performance while meeting CAFE standards. This test would tend to lend credence to the CAR AND DRIVER and HOT ROD tests of 1973 Super Duty cars with 3.42 gears, no air, and 160lb (73kg) less weight as being representative of production specimens capable of mid to high 13-second passes at 104mph (167km/h). Email Email. The 455 HO moniker was again carried over, this time as a near-exact repeat of the 1971 offering, the only changes were the carburetors (they used a conventional 750cuft/min (21m3/min) unit this year), and the head castings (casting #7F6). It featured 3+14in (82.6mm) main journals (which the legendary Smokey Yunick reputedly left Pontiac's engineering department over). The 1971 Pontiac 455 HO was Pontiac's first engine to receive a special 800cuft/min (23m3/min) Rochester Quadra-jet carburetor with specific jetting. For the first time, Pontiac offered Tri-Power, three two-barrel carburetors with a sequential linkage (replacing the previous dual-quad set-up). The 303 had shorter connecting rods, smaller 2.5in (64mm) journals and a solid lifter version of the Ram Air IV camshaft. Maximum RPM (high-RPM engine): over 8000 rpm, Engine weight: estimated 550lb (249kg) complete, Power: estimated 640hp (477kW) at 7500rpm, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:15. The engines feature a cast-iron block and head and two valves per cylinder. The next 1 or 2 numbers represent the date, and the last number is the year. The W72 package was a standalone option, and although was discounted when ordered in conjunction with the Y82/Y84/Y88 Special Appearance package, did not come included with Special Edition Trans Ams, it remained an extra cost option. The 389 would remain the standard Pontiac V8 engine through 1966, offered in a bewildering variety of outputs ranging from 215 to 368hp (160 to 274kW). . Along with a cam swap it boosted horsepower from 325 hp with the four-barrel carb to 348 hp in '64. The standard head seen on an L78 400 Pontiac was the low compression 6x8 head, while the 6x4 head seen on the W72 had hardened valve seats for a higher RPM operating range, improved air flow, and higher compression. It also sports the four-speed manual, limited . It retained the 421's 4in (101.6mm) stroke and 3+14in (82.6mm) main journal. The 1955-up Pontiac V8 that finally reached the public was an overhead valve engine with cast iron cylinder heads and block and wedge-shaped combustion chambers. In 1961 and 1962 they were available with either one 4 barrel carburetor or a dual 4 barrel carburetor setup depending on whether the buyer wanted to head to the racetrack or drag strip. The 400 remained in production through the 1978 model year, with 1979 cars receiving engines produced the previous year. For the 1967 GTO the engine was rated at 360bhp (268kW; 365PS) and had the cast-iron headers. The air cleaners look like those used on the top dog 376 gross HP 421 CI engine but there was also a lesser 356 HP version available too. Known as GM's performance-oriented division, Pontiac lived up to the hype by creating the first Muscle Car and kicking off the Muscle Car era. The 421 badging was standard on the 2+2, the 421 H.O. In the Firebird Ram Air induction for the 400 HO was a separate option for 1969(included with Trans Am) and included with the engine(optional in Formula; included with Trans Am) in 1970. And it cruised silently and rode with less harshness than muscle intermediates. Reductions in reciprocating weight free up horsepower. The crankshaft in the 428 had a "N" cast on them (designating nodular steel) as opposed to the 421's Armasteel. 1968 Pontiac GTO 428 / Royal Bobcat. The basic package included the heavy-duty suspension, with even stiffer springs and shocks available. Unfortunately, that's what happened with the 1963 Pontiac Super Duty 421. release the 421 V8 officially to the general public and the motor would continue to be available until the end of the 1966 model year. of torque at 3,600 RPM in the Firebird, with only a small throttle restrictor tab on the Firebird being different. Collector size: 3.00-inGASKETS The 1979 W72/WS6 equipped Trans Am was considered to be one of the overall best performing cars of the decade due to having a powerplant that produced more power than any other competitor on the market at the time with handling equipment to supplement the performance.[12]. Crower identifies this cam as a Level 4, which means it provides strong midrange and top-end power for heavily modified engines. Simply put, what good is the power if the engine does not last? Optional was the obligatory four-speed manual or new-for-1965 Turbo-Hyramatic three-speed automatic. Method used to retain pins in pistons: . The stroke increased to 4.21-inch (106.9mm). Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations then assembled at Tonawanda Engine before delivery to Pontiac Assembly for installation. The GTO's new hood scoop design, with the inlets centrally located and mounted above the carburetor, provided the opportunity for experimentation. It was rated at 310hp (231kW) @ 4800rpm and 400lbft (542Nm) @ 3,000rpm on 10.5:1 compression. All Pontiac Catalina 2-Door Sedan versions offered for the year 1966 with complete specs, performance and technical data in the catalogue of cars . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ever wonder what it would take to increase that number by 100? Mods: Intake port match, valve bowl blend, improved short-turn radius Pontiac produced the 421 V8 engine from 1961 to 1968. In 1969 the 350 HO was upgraded again with the addition of the 400 HO cam, commonly referred to by enthusiasts as the 068 cam.